Samenvatting
Wat is bekend?
-
Er zijn valide online vragenlijsten voor psychische klachten, maar de meeste zijn voor de huisarts beperkt bruikbaar.
-
Er is een e-diagnostieksysteem ontwikkeld waarmee patiënten snel en online gescreend kunnen worden op een DSM-IV-classificatie.
Wat is nieuw?
-
Het onderzochte e-diagnostieksysteem is een valide instrument waarmee in de huisartsenpraktijk de meeste DSM-IV-classificaties in kaart gebracht kunnen worden.
-
Een e-diagnostieksysteem kan huisarts en poh-ggz ondersteunen in de diagnostiek en classificatie van psychische stoornissen en een bruikbaar echelonadvies geven.
-
Het inzetten van uitgebreide e-diagnostiek vóór in plaats van na een verwijzing is nieuw.
Inleiding
Concurrente validiteit, interbeoordelaarsbetrouwbaarheid
Methode
Onderzoeksopzet
Procedure
In- en exclusiecriteria
Beoordelaars
Statistische analyse
Resultaten
Deelnemers
Betrouwbaarheid
Classificatie | kappa (95%-BI) | % overeenstemming |
---|---|---|
As I (klinische stoornis) | ||
| 0,67 (0,52-0,82) | 85 |
| 0,35 (0,07-0,63) | 88 |
| 0,62 (0,41-0,83) | 89 |
| 0,70 (0,52-0,88) | 91 |
| 0,81 (0,60-1,02) | 97 |
| 0,79 (0,51-1,07) | 98 |
| 0,86 (0,68-1,04) | 98 |
| 0,82 (0,58-1,06) | 98 |
| 0,42 (0,11-0,73) | 91 |
As II (persoonlijkheidsstoornissen) | ||
| 0,43 (0,23-0,63) | 79 |
| 0,41 (0,15-0,67) | 87 |
| 0,39 (0,08-0,70) | 90 |
| 0,78 (0,62-0,94) | 93 |
| 0,46 (0,19-0,73) | 92 |
| –0,13 (–0,25 tot –0,01) | 62 |
As III (somatische aandoening)* | ||
| 0,56 (0,39-0,73) | 78 |
| 0,51 (0,32-0,70) | 78 |
| 0,49 (0,22-0,76) | 89 |
As IV (psychosociale en omgevingsproblemen) | ||
| 0,52 (0,25-0,79) | 91 |
| 0,66 (0,51-0,81) | 84 |
| 0,62 (0,47-0,77) | 81 |
| 0,75 (0,54-0,96) | 95 |
| 0,65 (0,50-0,80) | 83 |
| 1,0 (1,00-1,00) | 1,00 |
| 0,79 (0,65-0,93) | 92 |
As V (functioneren)† | ||
| 0,75 (0,61-0,89) | 90 |
| 0,69 (0,54-0,84) | 86 |
Echelonadvies‡ | ||
| 0,62 (0,46-0,78) | 85 |
| 0,67 (0,52-0,82) | 86 |
Validiteit
Classificatie | Tot Sys | Tot Psy | TP | FP | TN | FN | sens | spec | PVW | NVW | kappa (95%-BI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As I (klinische stoornis) | |||||||||||
| 201 | 316 | 191 | 125 | 170 | 10 | 95% | 58% | 60% | 94% | 0,48 (0,45-0,52) |
| 165 | 225 | 145 | 80 | 251 | 20 | 88% | 76% | 64% | 88% | 0,58 (0,55-0,62) |
| 29 | 69 | 13 | 56 | 411 | 16 | 45% | 88% | 19% | 96% | 0,20 (0,14-0,26) |
| 5 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 481 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1 | 12 | 1 | 11 | 484 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 151 | 186 | 115 | 71 | 274 | 36 | 76% | 79% | 62% | 88% | 0,52 (0,48-0,56) |
| 34 | 84 | 27 | 57 | 405 | 7 | 79% | 88% | 32% | 98% | 0,40 (0,34-0,46) |
| 49 | 69 | 43 | 26 | 421 | 6 | 88% | 94% | 62% | 99% | 0,69 (0,64-0,74) |
| 21 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 468 | 17 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 9 | 24 | 7 | 17 | 470 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 36 | 36 | 16 | 20 | 440 | 20 | 44% | 96% | 44% | 96% | 0,40 (0,32-0,48) |
| 2 | 24 | 2 | 22 | 472 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 7 | 32 | 7 | 25 | 464 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 85 | 149 | 53 | 96 | 315 | 32 | 62% | 77% | 36% | 91% | 0,30 (0,25-0,35) |
| 11 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 481 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 17 | 36 | 12 | 24 | 455 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 41 | 79 | 21 | 58 | 397 | 20 | 51% | 87% | 27% | 95% | 0,27 (0,21-0,33) |
| 17 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 467 | 16 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 66 | 27 | 10 | 17 | 413 | 56 | 15% | 96% | 37% | 88% | 0,15 (0,09-0,21) |
| 11 | 24 | 9 | 15 | 470 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 41 | 60 | 35 | 25 | 430 | 6 | 85% | 95% | 58% | 99% | 0,66 (0,60-0,72) |
| 17 | 31 | 17 | 14 | 465 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 23 | 25 | 16 | 9 | 464 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 18 | 60 | 15 | 45 | 433 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 17 | 75 | 14 | 61 | 418 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 14 | 70 | 2 | 68 | 414 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 85 | 95 | 79 | 16 | 395 | 6 | 93% | 96% | 83% | 99% | 0,85 (0,82-0,88) |
| 47 | 38 | 33 | 5 | 444 | 14 | 70% | 99% | 87% | 97% | 0,76 (0,70-0,81) |
| 34 | 34 | 26 | 8 | 454 | 8 | 76% | 98% | 76% | 98% | 0,75 (0,69-0,81) |
| 50 | 43 | 20 | 23 | 423 | 30 | 40% | 95% | 47% | 93% | 0,37 (0,30-0,44) |
As II (persoonlijkheidsstoornissen) | |||||||||||
| 267 | 259 | 201 | 58 | 171 | 66 | 75% | 75% | 78% | 72% | 0,50 (0,46-0,54) |
As III (somatische aandoeningen) | |||||||||||
| 204 | 204 | 203 | 1 | 291 | 1 | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0,99 (0,99-1,00) |
As IV (psychosociale en omgevingsproblemen) | |||||||||||
| 209 | 209 | 209 | 0 | 287 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 1,00 (1,00-1,00) |
| 249 | 249 | 247 | 2 | 245 | 2 | 99% | 99% | 99% | 99% | 0,98 (0,98-0,99) |
| 67 | 71 | 67 | 4 | 425 | 0 | 100% | 99% | 94% | 100% | 0,97 (0,95-0,98) |
| 220 | 221 | 219 | 2 | 274 | 1 | 100% | 99% | 99% | 100% | 1,00 (0,98-1,00) |
| 52 | 55 | 52 | 3 | 441 | 0 | 100% | 99% | 95% | 100% | 0,97 (0,95-0,99) |
| 136 | 145 | 136 | 9 | 351 | 0 | 100% | 98% | 94% | 100% | 0,95 (0,94-0,97) |
As V (functioneren)* | |||||||||||
| 118 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 378 | 86 | 27% | 100% | 100% | 81% | 0,05 (0,04-0,06) |
| 271 | 219 | 157 | 62 | 163 | 114 | 58% | 72% | 72% | 59% | 0,01 (0,09-0,11) |
| 95 | 211 | 84 | 127 | 274 | 11 | 88% | 68% | 40% | 96% | 0,10 (0,09-0,11) |
Echelonadvies | |||||||||||
| 88 | 92 | 81 | 11 | 397 | 7 | 92% | 97% | 88% | 98% | 0,88 (0,85-0,91) |
| 127 | 162 | 125 | 37 | 332 | 2 | 98% | 90% | 77% | 99% | 0,81 (0,78-0,84) |
| 268 | 231 | 229 | 2 | 226 | 39 | 85% | 99% | 99% | 85% | 0,84 (0,81-0,86) |
Beschouwing
Beperkingen
Vergelijking met ander onderzoek
Aanbevelingen voor de praktijk
Conclusie
Literatuur
- 1.↲↲Verhaak PF, Schellevis FG, Nuijen J, Volkers AC. Patients with a psychiatric disorder in general practice: determinants of general practitioners’ psychological diagnosis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006;28:125-32.
- 2.↲↲Kessler D, Lloyd K, Lewis G, Gray DP. Cross sectional study of symptom attribution and recognition of depression and anxiety in primary care. BMJ 1999;318:436-9.
- 3.↲Joling KJ, Van Marwijk HW, Piek E, Van der Horst HE, Penninx BW, Verhaak P, et al. Do GPs’ medical records demonstrate a good recognition of depression? A new perspective on case extraction. J Affect Disord 2011;133:522-7.
- 4.↲Janssen EH, Van de Ven PM, Terluin B, Verhaak PF, Van Marwijk HW, Smolders M, et al. Recognition of anxiety disorders by family physicians after rigorous medical record case extraction: results of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012;34:460-7.
- 5.↲Fernández A, Haro JM, Martinez-Alonso M, Demyttenaere K, Brugha TS, Autonell J, et al. Treatment adequacy for anxiety and depressive disorders in six European countries. Br J Psychiatry 2007;190:172-3.
- 6.↲Bijl RV, Ravelli A. Psychiatric morbidity, service use, and need for care in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Am J Public Health 2000;90:602-7.
- 7.↲Rost K, Zhang M, Fortney J, Smith J, Coyne J, Richard GR Jr. Persistently poor outcomes of undetected major depression in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1998;20:12-20.
- 8.↲Kessler RC, Merikangas KR, Berglund P, Eaton WW, Koretz DS, Walters EE. Mild disorders should not be eliminated from the DSM-V. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:1117-22.
- 9.↲Van Weel-Baumgarten EM, Van Gelderen MG, Grundmeijer HGLM, Licht-Strunk E, Van Marwijk HWJ, Van Rijswijk HCAM, et al. NHG-Standaard Depressie (tweede herziening). Huisarts Wet 2012;55:252-9.
- 10.↲Hassink-Franke L, Terluin B, Van Heest FB, Hekman J, Van Marwijk H, Van Avendonk M. NHG-Standaard Angst (tweede herziening). Huisarts Wet 2012;55:68-77.
- 11.↲↲Sinnema H, Franx G, Spijker J, Ruiter M, Van Haastrecht H, Verhaak P, et al. Delivering stepped care for depression in general practice: results of a survey amongst general practitioners in the Netherlands. Eur J Gen Pract 2013;19:221-9.
- 12.↲Fleury MJ, Imboua A, Aubé D, Farand L, Lambert Y. General practitioners’ management of mental disorders: a rewarding practice with considerable obstacles. BMC Fam Pract 2012;13:19.
- 13.↲Eysenbach G. What is e-health? J Med Internet Res 2001;3:E20.
- 14.↲Riper H, Andersson G, Christensen H, Cuijpers P, Lange A, Eysenbach G. Theme issue on e-mental health: a growing field in internet research. J Med Internet Res 2010 19;12:e74.
- 15.↲↲Donker T, Comijs H, Cuijpers P, Terluin B, Nolen W, Zitman F, et al. The validity of the Dutch K10 and extended K10 screening scales for depressive and anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Res 2010;176:45-50.
- 16.↲↲Farvolden P, McBride C, Bagby RM, Ravitz P. A Web-based screening instrument for depression and anxiety disorders in primary care. J Med Internet Res 2003;5:e23.
- 17.↲↲Donker T, van Straten A, Marks I, Cuijpers P. A brief Web-based screening questionnaire for common mental disorders: development and validation. J Med Internet Res 2009;11:e19.
- 18.↲American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., text rev. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
- 19.↲↲↲↲Dijksman I, Dinant GJ, Spigt M. The concurrent validity of a new eDiagnostic system for mental disorders in primary care. Fam Pract 2016;33:607-16.
- 20.↲Bakker P, Jansen P. Generalistische Basis GGZ: Verwijsmodel en productbeschrijvingen. Enschede: Bureau HHM, 2013.
- 21.↲↲↲Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, et al. The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study. Qual Life Res 2010;19:539-49.
- 22.↲De Vet HCW, Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol D. Measurement in medicine: a practical guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
- 23.↲Smits N, Smit F, Cuijpers P, De Graaf R. Using decision theory to derive optimal cut-off scores of screening instruments: an illustration explicating costs and benefits of mental health screening. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2007;16:219-29.
- 24.↲Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1981.
- 25.↲↲Nguyen DP, Klein B, Meyer D, Austin DW, Abbott JA. The diagnostic validity and reliability of an internet-based clinical assessment program for mental disorders. J Med Internet Res 2015;17:e218.
- 26.↲Worster A, Carpenter C. Incorporation bias in studies of diagnostic tests: how to avoid being biased about bias. CJEM 2008;10:174-5.
- 27.↲First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders (SCID-I). Research version, patient edition with psychotic screen. New York: Biometrics Research; 2002.
- 28.↲First MB, Gibbon M, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Benjamin LS. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II). Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press, 1997.
- 29.↲Lucassen P, Postma S, Olde Hartman T. Ggz-vragenlijsten staan persoonsgerichte zorg in de weg. Huisarts Wet 2017;60:112-4.
- 30.↲Terluin B, Oud MJT. Is de diagnose ‘depressie’ nog wel bruikbaar? Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2012;156:A5684.
Reacties
Er zijn nog geen reacties.