Samenvatting
De kern
-
Onlangs heeft de American Diabetes Association aangeraden om een HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (HbA1c ≥ 6,5%) te gebruiken als eerst aangewezen diagnostisch criterium voor diabetes mellitus.
-
Er is echter sprake van beperkingen bij het gebruik van een HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol voor het stellen van de diagnose diabetes mellitus.
-
Wij vinden het daarom nog onverstandig om af te wijken van de huidige werkwijze, waarbij men een nuchtere glucosewaarde van 7,0 mmol/l als afkappunt hanteert.
De diagnose diabetes mellitus
De diagnose stellen met HbA1c
Praktische overwegingen
Conclusie en aanbevelingen
Dankwoord
Literatuur
- 1.↲↲↲Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1183-97.
- 2.↲International Expert Committee. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32:1327-34.
- 3.↲American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35 Suppl 1:S11-63.
- 4.↲↲Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Beschikbaar via: http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/report-hba1c_2011.pdf.
- 5.↲Rahbar S, Blumenfeld O, Ranney HM. Studies of an unusual hemoglobin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969;36:838-43.
- 6.↲Cohen RM, Franco RS, Khera PK, Smith EP, Lindsell CJ, Ciraolo PJ, et al. Red cell life span heterogeneity in hematologically normal people is sufficient to alter HbA1c. Blood 2008;112:4284-91.
- 7.↲Tarim O, Kucukerdogan A, Gunay U, Eralp O, Ercan I. Effects of iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin A1c in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Int 1999;41:357-62.
- 8.↲El-Agouza I, Abu Shahla A, Sirdah M. The effect of iron deficiency anaemia on the levels of haemoglobin subtypes: possible consequences for clinical diagnosis. Clin Lab Haematol 2002;24:285-9.
- 9.↲Panzer S, Kronik G, Lechner K, Bettelheim P, Neumann E, Dudczak R. Glycosylated hemoglobins (GHb): an index of red cell survival. Blood 1982;59:1348-50.
- 10.↲Camargo JL, Stifft J, Gross JL. The effect of aspirin and vitamins C and E on HbA1c assays. Clin Chim Acta 2006;372:206-9.
- 11.↲Davie SJ, Gould BJ, Yudkin JS. Effect of vitamin C on glycosylation of proteins. Diabetes 1992;41:167-73.
- 12.↲Ceriello A, Giugliano D, Quatraro A, Donzella C, Dipalo G, Lefebvre PJ. Vitamin E reduction of protein glycosylation in diabetes. New prospect for prevention of diabetic complications? Diabetes Care 1991;14:68-72.
- 13.↲Boeing H, Weisgerber UM, Jeckel A, Rose HJ, Kroke A. Association between glycated hemoglobin and diet and other lifestyle factors in a nondiabetic population: cross-sectional evaluation of data from the Potsdam cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1115-22.
- 14.↲Gulliford MC, Ukoumunne OC. Determinants of glycated haemoglobin in the general population: associations with diet, alcohol and cigarette smoking. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001;55:615-23.
- 15.↲Cohen RM, Holmes YR, Chenier TC, Joiner CH. Discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine: evidence for a glycosylation gap and its relation to diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2003;26:163-7.
- 16.↲Davidson MB, Schriger DL. Effect of age and race/ethnicity on HbA1c levels in people without known diabetes mellitus: implications for the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;87:415-21.
- 17.↲Ziemer DC, Kolm P, Weintraub WS, Vaccarino V, Rhee MK, Twombly JG, et al. Glucose-independent, black-white differences in hemoglobin A1c levels: a cross-sectional analysis of 2 studies. Ann Intern Med 2010;152:770-7.
- 18.↲Likhari T, Gama R. Ethnic differences in glycated haemoglobin between white subjects and those of South Asian origin with normal glucose tolerance. J Clin Pathol 2010;63:278-80.
- 19.↲Retnakaran R, Zinman B. Type 1 diabetes, hyperglycaemia, and the heart. Lancet 2008;371:1790-9.
- 20.↲Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A, Day N. Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: the European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:413-20.
- 21.↲Rivera JJ, Choi EK, Yoon YE, Chun EJ, Choi SI, Nasir K, et al. Association between increasing levels of hemoglobin A1c and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals without diabetes mellitus. Coron Artery Dis 2010;21:157-63.
- 22.↲Selvin E, Steffes MW, Zhu H, Matsushita K, Wagenknecht L, Pankow J, et al. Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults. N Engl J Med 2010;362:800-11.
- 23.↲Van ’t Riet E, Rijkelijkhuizen JM, Alssema M, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Heine RJ, et al. HbA1c is an independent predictor of non-fatal cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population without diabetes: a 10-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012;19:23-31.
- 24.↲Van ’t Riet E, Alssema M, Rijkelijkhuizen JM, Kostense PJ, Nijpels G, Dekker JM. Relationship between A1C and glucose levels in the general Dutch population: the new Hoorn study. Diabetes Care 2010;33:61-6.
- 25.↲Cavagnolli G, Comerlato J, Comerlato C, Renz PB, Gross JL, Camargo JL. HbA(1c) measurement for the diagnosis of diabetes: is it enough? Diabet Med 2011;28:31-5.
- 26.↲Kramer CK, Araneta MR, Barrett-Connor E. A1C and diabetes diagnosis: The Rancho Bernardo Study. Diabetes Care 2010;33:101-3.
- 27.↲Sattar N, Preiss D. HbA1c in type 2 diabetes diagnostic criteria: addressing the right questions to move the field forwards. Diabetologia 2012;55:1564-7.
- 28.↲Little RR, Rohlfing CL, Tennill AL, Connolly S, Hanson S. Effects of sample storage conditions on glycated hemoglobin measurement: evaluation of five different high performance liquid chromatography methods. Diabetes Technol Ther 2007;9:36-42.
- 29.↲Brotons C, Björkelund C, Bulc M, Ciurana R, Godycki-Cwirko M, Jurgova E, et al. Prevention and health promotion in clinical practice: the views of general practitioners in Europe. Prev Med 2005;40:595-601.
Reacties
Er zijn nog geen reacties.